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Related Concept Videos

Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure01:10

Pre-Procedural Guidelines for Assessing Blood Pressure

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Accurate blood pressure assessment is crucial for diagnosing and managing various health conditions. To ensure the reliability of these measurements, healthcare professionals must adhere to standardized pre-procedural guidelines. These guidelines enhance patient safety and improve the overall quality of healthcare. The following steps are essential for obtaining accurate and consistent blood pressure readings, from using the appropriate tools to ensuring effective communication with the...
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Assessment of radial pulse01:11

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Assessment of Radial Pulse
The radial pulse, located at the wrist, is often the preferred site for assessing peripheral pulse because of its accessibility and dependability. The process of determining the radial pulse involves several steps:
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Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)01:15

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)

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This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
Prepare for the Procedure:
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Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

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When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
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Sites for measruring blood pressure01:21

Sites for measruring blood pressure

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Blood pressure measurement is a fundamental clinical procedure, providing crucial data for assessing cardiovascular health. Among the various sites for this measurement, the brachial and popliteal arteries are predominantly utilized due to their accessibility and the reliability of their readings. This lesson delves into the anatomical significance, methodology, and considerations of measuring blood pressure at these locations.
The Brachial Artery: Primary Site for Blood Pressure Measurement
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Pulse01:16

Pulse

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When the heart pumps blood out, arterial elastic fibers play a crucial role in sustaining a high-pressure gradient. They expand to accommodate the received blood and then recoil - a process known as the pulse that can be either manually palpated or electronically quantified. Despite a reduction in its effect with increased distance from the heart, elements of the pulse's systolic and diastolic components persist, observable even at the arteriole level.
The pulse serves as a clinical...
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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Reference Values for Normal Wrist Parameters in the Thai Population.

Sirisak Chaitantipongse1, Sutee Thaveepunsan1, Sitthiphong Suwannaphisit1

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand.

The Journal of Hand Surgery Asian-Pacific Volume
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study establishes normal wrist parameter reference values for the Thai population, revealing significant sex-based differences. These findings are crucial for accurately treating distal radius fractures in Thais.

Keywords:
Distal radiusRadiological morphometryReference valuesThai populationWrist parameters

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic surgery
  • Radiology
  • Anthropometry

Background:

  • Radiological wrist parameters are vital for assessing distal radius fracture treatment outcomes.
  • Current reference values for Thai populations are based on Western data, potentially leading to inaccuracies.
  • Accurate restoration of the distal radius is key for optimal functional recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine normative reference values for key wrist parameters in the Thai population.
  • To investigate sex-based and side-based differences in these parameters.
  • To provide population-specific data for clinical and research applications.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 200 posteroanterior (PA) and lateral wrist radiographs by two orthopaedic hand surgeons.
  • Measurement of radial height, radial inclination, ulnar variance, and volar tilt using the central reference point (CRP).
  • Assessment of interobserver reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Main Results:

  • Established mean values: radial height (10.7 ± 1.3 mm), radial inclination (22.8° ± 2.4°), ulnar variance (-0.2 ± 1.2 mm), and volar tilt (13.5° ± 3.0°).
  • Significant sex-based differences observed: males had higher radial height; females had higher radial inclination, ulnar variance, and volar tilt.
  • Excellent interobserver reliability for radial inclination (ICC=0.92) and ulnar variance (ICC=0.93); good reliability for radial height (ICC=0.90) and volar tilt (ICC=0.79).

Conclusions:

  • Normative wrist parameter reference values for the Thai population have been established.
  • Notable sex-based differences exist, particularly a higher volar tilt in Thais compared to Western populations.
  • These Thai-specific values can enhance distal radius fracture treatment, implant design, and AI database development.