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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

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The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

Physiology of Urine Formation

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Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

A Decentralized Ex Vivo Murine Bladder Model with the Detrusor Muscle Removed for Direct Access to the Suburothelium during Bladder Filling
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Urothelial Proteome Changes Underlying Overactive Bladder Associated With Bladder Outlet Obstruction.

Sang-Yeop Lee1,2, Ji Yong Lee3, Sung Ho Yun4

  • 1Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Korea.

International Neurourology Journal
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Overactive bladder (OAB) in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) shows molecular changes in bladder tissue, including altered cytoskeletal proteins and immune responses. These findings offer new targets for treating persistent OAB symptoms after obstruction relief.

Keywords:
ProteomicsUrinary bladder neck obstructionUrinary bladder, OveractiveUrothelium

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Proteomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) in men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is difficult to treat.
  • Molecular mechanisms of persistent OAB symptoms post-obstruction relief are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify differentially expressed proteins in urothelial tissues of patients with BOO-related OAB.
  • Utilize a proteomic approach to understand OAB pathophysiology in BPH patients.

Main Methods:

  • Collected bladder urothelial tissues from BPH patients undergoing prostate surgery.
  • Classified patients into OAB and non-OAB groups.
  • Performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for proteomic profiling, followed by pathway analysis.

Main Results:

  • Identified 1,510 proteins, with 133 differentially expressed in the OAB group.
  • Found dysregulated pathways including cytoskeletal remodeling, Rho GTPase signaling, and immune responses.
  • Observed downregulation of structural proteins (e.g., ACTA2) and upregulation of inflammatory mediators and GNA13.

Conclusions:

  • BOO-related OAB involves distinct molecular changes in cytoskeletal organization, neurotransmitter pathways, and immune responses.
  • These proteomic findings provide insights into OAB pathophysiology.
  • Highlighted potential molecular targets for biomarker discovery and therapeutic interventions.