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Event-Specific Meteorological Drivers Shape Diverse Water-Use Efficiency Trajectories Under Drought Propagation.

Feng Li1,2, Qinchuan Xin3, Julia K Green4

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Global Change Biology
|January 9, 2026
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Summary

Vegetation water-use efficiency (WUE) often shows a rise-then-fall pattern during drought propagation from meteorological to soil drought. This dynamic response, influenced by thermal factors, challenges fixed vegetation functional assumptions.

Keywords:
Earth System Modelsdrought propagationdrought sensitivityresponse trajectorieswater‐use efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Earth System Science
  • Ecology
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Drought propagation from meteorological to soil drought critically influences vegetation water-carbon dynamics.
  • Understanding vegetation water-use efficiency (WUE) response trajectories during drought propagation is crucial but poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Quantify spatiotemporal patterns of drought propagation characteristics.
  • Identify WUE response trajectories for characteristic-specific droughts.
  • Investigate the dominant drivers of WUE response trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • Combined global flux tower observations with Earth System Model (ESM) simulations.
  • Analyzed drought propagation characteristics (intensity, speed, interval).
  • Identified and characterized WUE response trajectories.

Main Results:

  • 58% of soil droughts follow meteorological droughts, often with increasing intensity and faster propagation.
  • Nonmonotonic WUE response patterns, particularly rise-then-fall, dominate (approx. 60%).
  • Intra-site variability in WUE responses is significant, driven by thermal factors like air temperature and net radiation.

Conclusions:

  • Vegetation WUE exhibits dynamic, nonmonotonic responses to drought propagation, challenging notions of fixed functional responses.
  • Event-specific thermal factors are key drivers of intra-site WUE variability.
  • ESMs capture general nonmonotonic patterns but require model improvements for accurate driver representation.