Subjective memory complaints among older adults in Türkiye: prevalence and associated factors

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs), defined as self-perceived declines in memory performance, are common among older adults and may serve as early indicators of neurocognitive impairment. Despite their clinical relevance, no previous studies have examined the prevalence and associated factors of SMCs in Türkiye.

A total of 500 community-dwelling older adults were included in this retrospective, cross-sectional, observational study; all underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at a tertiary-level outpatient clinic. Participants with a mini-mental state examination score ≥27, independence in instrumental activities of daily living, and no diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment were assessed for SMCs. Sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and medication use data were also collected. A logistic regression model was employed to identify independent predictors of SMCs.

The median age of the participants was 76 years, and 64% were female. The prevalence of SMCs was 61.0%. Participants with SMCs had a lower educational level than those without SMCs, with median (interquartile range, 25-75) values of 5 (5-12) and 5 (5-16) years, respectively. Attainment of a university-level education was independently associated with a significantly lower likelihood of reporting SMCs (OR = 0.262, 95% CI: 0.116-0.588, p = 0.001). No other variables were significantly associated with the risk of SMCs after adjustment for covariates.

SMCs were highly prevalent among older adults in Türkiye. A university-level education was a significant protective factor against SMCs. Further prospective studies are warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the long-term effects of education level and other contributing factors on SMCs.