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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancer02:18

Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
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Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Breast Cancer: Molecular Pathogenesis, Targeted Therapy, Screening, and Prevention.

Huijun Lei1,2, Jinzhen Fu1,3, Wei Gu1,3

  • 1Department of Cancer Prevention, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM) Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou Zhejiang China.

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|January 9, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details advances in breast cancer research, covering molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies, screening, and prevention. It highlights personalized medicine opportunities and future directions for improved breast cancer management.

Keywords:
breast cancerpathogenesispreventionrisk assessmentscreeningtargeted therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Breast cancer is a leading cause of death in women globally.
  • Understanding tumor heterogeneity is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Current challenges include drug resistance, toxicity, and inequitable access to care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review current advances in breast cancer research and management.
  • To explore molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies, screening, and prevention strategies.
  • To identify future directions for personalized and precise breast cancer care.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of current literature on breast cancer.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms, targeted therapies, and screening technologies.
  • Integration of multi-omics data and artificial intelligence in breast cancer management.

Main Results:

  • Advances in molecular biology have deepened the understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity.
  • Progress has been made in targeted therapies (endocrine agents, HER2-directed drugs, CDK4/6 inhibitors, etc.) and immunotherapies.
  • Evolving screening approaches include digital breast tomosynthesis, MRI, and AI-assisted interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating molecular insights with clinical advances offers opportunities for personalized therapy and precision prevention.
  • Future directions involve leveraging multi-omics and AI for more equitable and effective breast cancer management.
  • Addressing drug resistance, toxicity, and global inequities remains critical.