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Related Concept Videos

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

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Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
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Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...
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Examining Smartphone-assessed Executive Function Metrics and Intrinsic Resting-State Functional Connectivity in

Julia Heckel1, Aaron Clouse1,2, David Klemballa1

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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is linked to executive function deficits. Smartphone assessments reveal impaired set-shifting performance and altered brain connectivity in individuals with current MDD compared to healthy controls.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition often accompanied by executive function impairments.
  • Smartphones offer a novel platform for real-world assessment of mental health outcomes, including executive functions.
  • Previous research has explored smartphone-based executive function assessment in neurological conditions and other mental health disorders, but less so in MDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate executive function deficits in individuals with current Major Depressive Disorder (cMDD) using smartphone-based assessments.
  • To examine the relationship between smartphone-assessed executive function and resting-state functional connectivity in neural networks associated with cognitive control.
  • To compare executive function performance and neural connectivity between individuals with cMDD and healthy controls (HC).

Main Methods:

  • Participants with cMDD (n=30) and HC (n=43) completed a smartphone-based set-shifting task (Trail Making Test, TMT-B) for two weeks.
  • Resting-state functional connectivity was analyzed using neuroimaging techniques.
  • Statistical analyses were performed to compare performance and connectivity between groups and assess their relationships.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with cMDD demonstrated significantly lower accuracy and greater variability in smartphone-assessed set-shifting performance compared to HC.
  • A notable difference was observed in the association between set-shifting accuracy and functional connectivity within the dorsal attention network; this association was stronger in HC than in cMDD.
  • Altered functional connectivity within the dorsal attention network was identified in individuals with cMDD.

Conclusions:

  • Smartphone-based assessments effectively identify deficits in set-shifting executive function and greater performance variability in individuals with current Major Depressive Disorder.
  • Findings highlight altered functional connectivity within the dorsal attention network in cMDD, linking neural mechanisms to observed behavioral impairments.
  • Smartphone applications present a promising, scalable, and accessible tool for detecting executive function deficits in depression and potentially monitoring treatment response over time.