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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

246
Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
246
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

410
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
410
Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management01:29

Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management

311
Assessment: Nursing management of patients with cardiomyopathy begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's history, including a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death, personal history of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and any alcohol consumption or drug use.During the physical examination, assess vital signs, look for signs of heart failure (such as edema, jugular venous distention, and cyanosis), auscultate for abnormal heart sounds (like murmurs and gallops),...
311
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

704
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
704
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

313
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
313
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

2.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
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Recovery of Physical Function during Hospitalization among Heart Failure Patients with and without Cachexia.

Takuya Umehara1, Akinori Kaneguchi1, Yuji Nakashima2

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Japan.

Physical Therapy Research
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure patients with cachexia show poor physical function recovery during hospitalization. Low muscle power and poor nutritional status (low geriatric nutritional risk index) are linked to cachexia.

Keywords:
CachexiaHeart failureRecovery of function

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Geriatrics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is a complex condition often accompanied by cachexia, a multifactorial wasting syndrome.
  • Cachexia significantly impacts patient outcomes, including physical function and recovery.
  • The Asian Working Group for Cachexia (AWGC) criteria provide a standardized approach to diagnosing cachexia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of cachexia on physical function recovery in hospitalized heart failure patients.
  • To identify characteristics associated with cachexia in this population using AWGC criteria.

Main Methods:

  • Physical function was assessed at admission and discharge in 96 heart failure patients.
  • Cachexia status was determined at discharge based on body mass index, handgrip strength, C-reactive protein, and anorexia.
  • Two-way ANOVA and hierarchical logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

Main Results:

  • Heart failure patients with cachexia (n=26) showed no physical function improvement during hospitalization, unlike those without cachexia (n=70).
  • Low geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and low muscle power were significantly associated with the presence of cachexia.

Conclusions:

  • Cachexia is associated with impaired physical function recovery in hospitalized heart failure patients.
  • Reduced muscle power and poor nutritional status (low GNRI) are key indicators linked to cachexia in heart failure.