Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanomaterials Using Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Green Chemistry
• Electrochemistry

Background:

• Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are emerging as sustainable media for nanomaterial synthesis.
• They offer an eco-friendly alternative to traditional organic solvents and ionic liquids.
• Electrochemical synthesis in DES is a focus due to its cost-effectiveness, scalability, and low-temperature processing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances in electrochemical synthesis of nanomaterials using DES.
• To highlight the advantages and challenges of using DES as an electrolytic medium.
• To discuss the applications of nanomaterials synthesized via this green route.

Main Methods:

• Electrochemical synthesis (chemical reduction, solvothermal, electrochemical methods).
• Tuning nanostructure morphology (size, shape) by controlling electrochemical parameters (potential, current density, temperature, agitation).
• Utilizing DES properties (stability, solubility, electrochemical window, low surface tension, high ionic strength) for controlled synthesis.

Main Results:

• DES enable tunable synthesis of various nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanoflowers, nanowires).
• DES act as effective electrolytes, promoting nucleation and controlling morphology through templating, capping, and stabilization.
• Successful synthesis of metal, alloy, oxide, and carbon-based composite nanomaterials is demonstrated.

Conclusions:

• Electrochemical synthesis in DES is a promising green route for diverse nanomaterials.
• DES offer unique advantages for controlling nanostructure formation and enabling scalable production.
• Further research is needed to address mechanistic understanding, recyclability, and scale-up challenges.