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Therapeutic Antibodies in Hematology: Advances in Malignant and Non-Malignant Disorders

Hiroshi Yasui1,2, Masashi Idogawa3, Tadao Ishida4

  • 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki 216-8511, Japan.

Cells
|January 9, 2026
PubMed

Therapeutic antibodies have revolutionized hematology, offering targeted and effective treatments for both malignant and non-malignant diseases. In hematologic malignancies, anti-CD20, anti-CD19, anti-CD38, and anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) antibodies have markedly improved survival outcomes, whereas antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies continue to expand therapeutic possibilities. Besides cancer, complement inhibitors such as eculizumab, ravulizumab, and the recently approved crovalimab have redefined paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome management, and the bispecific antibody emicizumab has transformed prophylaxis in hemophilia A. Furthermore, novel antibody formats such as the trifunctional anti-CD38 × CD3 antibody (Tri-31C2) exhibit enhanced anti-myeloma activity compared to chimeric CD38 antibodies, underscoring the future potential of T-cell-redirecting designs. This review summarizes key developments in therapeutic antibodies for hematological disorders, their action mechanisms, and emerging strategies to further optimize their efficacy and safety.

Keywords:
antibody engineeringantibody–drug conjugatesbispecific antibodieshematologytherapeutic antibody

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