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Genetic Determinants of Wound Healing: Monogenic Disorders and Polygenic Influence
Stephanie M Mueller1,2, Nalani Miller3, Jasleen Gill2
1Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Cells
|January 9, 2026
Summary
Genetic disorders, both single-gene (monogenic) and multifactorial (polygenic), impair wound healing by disrupting key repair processes. Genetic background significantly influences the body's ability to restore tissue homeostasis.
Area of Science:
- Wound healing research
- Genetics of tissue repair
- Regenerative medicine
Background:
- Wound healing involves complex, coordinated biological processes including hemostasis, inflammation, and matrix remodeling.
- Disruptions in extracellular matrix organization, cellular adhesion, angiogenesis, and immune regulation can impair tissue repair.
- Successful wound repair necessitates adequate nutrient and oxygen supply via vascularization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review mechanisms of impaired wound healing in monogenic disorders.
- To contrast single-gene defects with multifactorial pathologies in polygenic disorders.
- To synthesize evidence on genetic contributions to impaired wound healing.
Main Methods:
- Reviewed monogenic disorders affecting connective tissue, hematology/immunology, and aging.
- Examined polygenic disorders like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.
- Focused on how genetic defects disrupt inflammation, cellular proliferation, and matrix remodeling.
Main Results:
- Monogenic and polygenic disorders share downstream failures in the wound healing cascade.
- Monogenic diseases reveal direct links between protein deficits and repair failure.
- Polygenic diseases show how stressors overwhelm regenerative capacity.
Conclusions:
- Genetic impediments, regardless of etiology, critically impact wound healing.
- Genetic susceptibility is a decisive factor in restoring tissue homeostasis.
- Genetic background profoundly affects hemostasis, inflammation, and remodeling efficacy.
Keywords:
Ehlers-Danlos syndromediabetes mellitusepidermolysis bullosahemophilialeukocyte adhesion deficiencymonogenic diseaseobesitypolygenic diseasesickle cell diseasewound healingMore Related Videos
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