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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Published on: June 16, 2014

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Novel biomarkers for CKD risk stratification: a literature review

Sariya Khan1, Aleena Zobairi1, Elaf Rehan1

  • 1Batterjee Medical College, General Medicine Practice Program, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Jornal Brasileiro De Nefrologia
|January 9, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Novel biomarkers like cystatin C, NGAL, KIM-1, and microRNAs offer improved early detection and risk stratification for chronic kidney disease (CKD). These new tools enhance prognostic accuracy beyond traditional markers, paving the way for personalized treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents significant morbidity and mortality, necessitating accurate risk stratification.
  • Traditional biomarkers (serum creatinine, eGFR) lack sensitivity for early detection and long-term prognosis.
  • Novel biomarkers are emerging as crucial tools for CKD diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential of novel biomarkers for CKD risk stratification.
  • To assess their clinical significance in early detection and disease progression monitoring.
  • To explore their role in developing individualized treatment strategies for CKD.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase.
  • Studies focusing on novel CKD biomarkers such as cystatin C, NGAL, KIM-1, and microRNAs were identified.
  • The review synthesized evidence on the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of these biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Novel biomarkers demonstrate superior predictive capabilities over traditional markers for CKD.
  • Cystatin C offers enhanced kidney function estimation; NGAL and KIM-1 indicate early kidney injury.
  • MicroRNAs show promise in differentiating CKD subtypes and predicting disease progression, enabling targeted interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Novel biomarkers represent a significant advancement in nephrology for CKD risk stratification.
  • They offer improved early detection and prognostic accuracy compared to existing methods.
  • Further large-scale research and clinical validation are essential for routine adoption.
Abstract

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