Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

32.5K
Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
32.5K
Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

7.1K
When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
7.1K
Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

1.1K
Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
1.1K
Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

897
Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
In contrast, non-Newtonian fluids do not follow Newton's law of viscosity, and...
897
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

762
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
762
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

853
Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
853

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanistic investigation of carotenoid effects on lipid digestion-related processes: Pancreatic lipase inhibition and bile salt-mediated emulsion destabilization.

Food chemistry·2026
Same author

A Pectin-Based Active Coating for Preservation of Fresh-Cut Apples: Incorporated with Luteolin and ε-Polylysine for Enhanced Performance.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Partial Desolvation Causes Lithium Structural Transport in Liquid and Gel Polymer Electrolytes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

From Molecular Dynamics to the Conductivity of Sulfuric Acid: Ultrafast Optical Kerr Effect Experiments and Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Integrated evaluation of antifungal activity of pomegranate peel polyphenols against a diverse range of postharvest fruit pathogens.

Bioresources and bioprocessing·2025
Same author

Dynamics of Deep Eutectic Mixtures of Tetraethylammonium Halides/Ethylene Glycol Investigated with Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2025
Same journal

A predisposing effect of HLA class II genes in celiac disease by skewing the naive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell receptor repertoire.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Wave propagation in fluid-saturated nanoporous media: Upscaling molecular mechanics into continuum-level description.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Collagen-producing eye cell atlas reveals distinct fibroblast fates in early injury vs. fibrotic subretinal disease.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Knotted solid tori in contact manifolds.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Biophysical fitness landscape design traps viral evolution.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Cryo-EM of the eukaryotic purine transporter UapA demonstrates intramolecular and lipid regulation of transport.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions &#8212; A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes
08:42

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

Published on: April 10, 2017

20.5K

Mechanisms of the viscosity decrease and increase of aqueous CsCl.

Max Moncada Cohen1, Laura Kacenauskaite1,2, Tristan R Heck1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cesium chloride (CsCl) initially lowers water viscosity by weakening hydrogen bonds. At high concentrations, water clusters form, slowing dynamics and increasing viscosity.

Keywords:
cesium chloridehydrogen bondingsalt solutionsultrafast dynamicsviscosity

More Related Videos

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

12.5K
Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
10:28

Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids

Published on: January 3, 2014

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions &#8212; A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes
08:42

Challenges in Rheological Characterization of Highly Concentrated Suspensions — A Case Study for Screen-printing Silver Pastes

Published on: April 10, 2017

20.5K
Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
10:56

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

12.5K
Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids
10:28

Experimental Measurement of Settling Velocity of Spherical Particles in Unconfined and Confined Surfactant-based Shear Thinning Viscoelastic Fluids

Published on: January 3, 2014

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Geochemistry

Background:

  • Aqueous salt solutions are ubiquitous in science.
  • Most salts increase solution viscosity with concentration.
  • Cesium chloride (CsCl) exhibits unusual viscosity behavior, decreasing then increasing with concentration, with underlying mechanisms unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind CsCl's unique viscosity effects in water.
  • To investigate the impact of Cs+ ions on water dynamics, interactions, and structure.

Main Methods:

  • Ultrafast optical heterodyne-detected optical Kerr effect (OHD-OKE).
  • Infrared (IR) pump-probe spectroscopy using HOD in H2O.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • OHD-OKE revealed water hydrogen bond (H-bond) network dynamics govern CsCl solution viscosity.
  • IR spectra showed Cs+ weakens water H-bonds, unlike high-density cations (e.g., Na+, Li+).
  • Weakened H-bonds in the Cs+ second solvation shell accelerate dynamics, reducing viscosity at low concentrations. At high concentrations, water clustering slows dynamics, increasing viscosity.

Conclusions:

  • Cs+ ions uniquely interact with water, weakening H-bonds due to low charge density.
  • The concentration-dependent viscosity of CsCl solutions arises from competing effects on water H-bond dynamics and structure.
  • Understanding these ion-specific effects is crucial for aqueous solution chemistry, biology, and geology.