Markers predicting lymphoma development in Sjögren disease: current status and future perspectives

Area of Science:

• Immunology and Oncology
• Rheumatology

Background:

• Lymphoma is a significant complication in Sjögren's syndrome (SjD).
• Early diagnosis and risk stratification are crucial for managing SjD-associated lymphoma.
• Understanding lymphomagenesis mechanisms in SjD is key to improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in predictive markers for lymphomagenesis in SjD.
• To organize current knowledge on lymphoma risk factors and unmet needs.
• To outline future research directions and clinical perspectives.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of translational and clinical research on SjD lymphomagenesis.
• Analysis of existing knowledge on risk factors, diagnosis, and prevention.
• Identification of knowledge gaps and future research opportunities.

Main Results:

• B cell hyperactivity is an early indicator, with clinical signs suggesting imminent lymphoma.
• Novel predictive markers and risk stratification strategies are emerging.
• Data on protective factors and prevention strategies remain limited.

Conclusions:

• The field is shifting towards dynamic risk assessment and novel marker analysis.
• Deep learning applications for lymphoma prediction in SjD are unexplored.
• Consensus guidelines for lymphoma prediction, monitoring, and prevention are needed.