Singing-based respiratory training in people with post-COVID syndrome: a bicentric randomized feasibility study
Anke Steinmetz1, Alexander Hönning2, Wiebke Käckenmester2
1Institute for Medical Psychology, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Straße 48, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42-44, 17475 Greifswald, Germany.
Background:
People with post-COVID syndrome (PCS) often suffer from long-term pulmonary consequences. Singing-based respiratory training (SBRT) has proven to be a valuable rehabilitative therapy for people with chronic lung diseases.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of SBRT in people with PCS breathing disorders, their compliance and adherence, and to obtain detailed findings on the effect of this training on people with PCS respiratory symptoms.
Methods:
A randomized controlled, single-blind, bicentric study was conducted with 23 outpatient and 24 inpatient participants undergoing rehabilitation for PCS. Participants either received singing-based respiratory training with the intention of reducing breathing rate or training without the aim of influencing breathing rate. The main outcomes were patient compliance, determination of target parameters for a future efficacy study, and assessment of outcome differences between treatment groups.
Results:
The 45 study participants were predominantly female (81 %) with a mean age of 51.5 (SD 10.44) years. There was a high level of compliance with SBRT, with 96 % of participants completing all training sessions led by vocal coaches. The overall comparison between baseline and follow-up assessments yielded improvements corresponding to medium effects in the physical component score of the Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) with a Cohen's d of 0.52 (95 % Confidence Interval, CI 0.05 to 0.99]), in the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) with a Cohen's d of 0.55 (95 % CI 0.11 to 0.9) and in the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) with a Cohen's d of 0.50 (95 % CI 0.06 to 0.93).
Conclusion:
SBRT was well-tolerated, with high adherence and compliance among participants in our study. Questionnaires assessing health-related quality of life and mental health may be suitable as primary outcomes for a future confirmatory study. The data suggest that SBRT aimed at reducing the respiratory rate does not have a positive effect compared to regular SBRT.
Trial Registration:
German Register of Clinical Trials (DRKS ID DRKS00028275).
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