CRISPR-engineered zebrafish expression system for human type III collagen: Therapeutic efficacy in wound healing

Human type III collagen (Col III) is a critical component for skin tissue repair and anti-aging, yet its heterologous expression often faces challenges such as incomplete structure and poor thermostability. Here, we established a transgenic zebrafish expression system via CRISPR/Cas9 technology, integrating the human Col3a1 gene into a non-functional region of zebrafish chromosome 4. The extraction yield of total zebrafish collagen (Col III-TC), a composite material comprising both recombinant human Col III and endogenous zebrafish collagens, was 45.76%. Structural analysis revealed intact fibrous architecture and a thermal shrinkage temperature of 71.3 °C, significantly superior to conventional systems. Functionally, Col III-TC exhibited remarkable free radical-scavenging capacity and suppressed LPS-induced inflammation in 3T3-L1 cells (downregulating Tnfα, Il1b, and Il6, while upregulating Il10), alongside promoting fibroblast proliferation. In a murine acute wound model, Col III-TC-based dressings achieved outstanding healing efficacy (>95% closure within 15 days), with histological analysis showing improved neoskin thickness and collagen deposition. The Col3a1 transgenic zebrafish system developed in this study not only provides a novel strategy for heterologous expression of fully functional human proteins, but also highlights the broad application potential of its high-yield collagen in biomedical fields, particularly in wound healing and anti-aging therapies.