Coccidioidomycosis: an emerging disease in Taiwan

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Mycology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Coccidioidomycosis, a fungal disease endemic to the Americas, has seen a recent increase in imported cases in Taiwan.
• Sporadic cases were previously noted, but a significant surge occurred between 2020 and 2023.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the recent increase in coccidioidomycosis cases in Taiwan.
• To identify potential risk factors and associations for imported coccidioidomycosis.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective case series study was conducted at National Taiwan University Hospital from 2000 to 2025.
• Thirteen patients diagnosed with coccidioidomycosis were analyzed, focusing on travel and occupational history.
• Surgical diagnosis in chronic or latent phases was performed using video-assisted thoracic surgery.

Main Results:

• Most cases involved workers or businessmen linked to Taiwan's semiconductor industry expansion in Arizona, USA, since 2020.
• All identified cases were diagnosed surgically during chronic or latent stages of the disease.

Conclusions:

• The rise in imported coccidioidomycosis is likely associated with the semiconductor industry's expansion in the US.
• Emphasizes the importance of travel and occupational history in diagnosing coccidioidomycosis.
• Highlights the urgent need for rapid diagnostic testing for coccidioidomycosis among Taiwanese healthcare providers.