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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

612
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
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Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

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Executive Function Among Older Adults With Bipolar Disorder: A GAGE-BD Analysis.

Federica Klaus1, Erin Appiah2, Izabela G Barbosa3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry (FK, ANS, LTE), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA.

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry
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Summary

Older adults with bipolar disorder (BD) exhibit significant executive function deficits compared to healthy individuals. These deficits are linked to increased symptom severity, older age, and poorer daily functioning.

Keywords:
Executive functionbipolar disorderfunctioningolder adults

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Executive function impairments significantly contribute to disability in older adults with bipolar disorder (OABD).
  • Understanding these deficits is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare executive function between OABD and age-matched healthy comparators (HC).
  • To examine the associations of executive function with age, symptom severity, global cognition, and daily functioning within the OABD group.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using a large, harmonized archival dataset from 12 international OABD studies.
  • Executive function was assessed using the Trail Making Test B (TMT-B) completion time in 614 OABD patients (≥50 years) and 192 HC.
  • Covariates included age, gender, education, study site, medications, and psychomotor speed.

Main Results:

  • Executive function was significantly worse in OABD compared to HC, even after controlling for psychomotor speed (p < 0.001).
  • In OABD, poorer executive function correlated with older age (p = 0.001), antipsychotic use (p < 0.001), worse global cognition (p < 0.001), and reduced daily functioning (p < 0.001).
  • Less severe manic symptoms were associated with better executive function (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Executive dysfunction is a notable characteristic of OABD, linked to various demographic and clinical factors.
  • Further longitudinal research is needed to clarify the impact of executive function impairment on daily life.
  • Findings support the need for personalized interventions targeting specific patient subgroups based on executive function deficits.