Amyloid-β and Tau in Alzheimer's disease: pathogenesis, mechanisms, and interplay

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease and the most prevalent type of dementia characterized by pathological deposition of amyloid-β plaques/deposits and tau tangles within the brain parenchyma. This progressive ailment is featured by irreversible cognitive impairment and memory loss, often misdiagnosed as the consequence of old age in elderlies. Pathologically, synaptic dysfunction occurs at the early stages and then progresses into neurodegeneration with neuronal cell death in later stages. In this review, we aimed to critically discuss and highlight recent advances in the pathological footprints of amyloid-β and tau in AD. Specifically, we focused our attention on the interplay and synergistic effects of amyloid-β and tau in the pathogenesis of AD. We hope that our paper will provide new insights and perspectives on these pathological features of AD and spark new ideas and directions in AD research and treatment.