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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

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Ex vivo Tissue Provides Insight into Bleb Dynamics During Large-Volume Subcutaneous Injection.

Taeki Kim1, Pierre Artus1, Benjamin Berat1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Pharmaceutical Research
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ex vivo tissue accurately models subcutaneous bleb formation, showing injection volume impacts size but not viscosity or flow rate. This validates using tissue models for studying drug delivery mechanics.

Keywords:
ex vivo tissuelarge-volume injectionsubcutaneous injection

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Tissue Mechanics

Background:

  • Subcutaneous injections can form blebs, affecting drug absorption and comfort.
  • Previous in vivo studies analyzed bleb dynamics but lacked detailed mechanical insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate ex vivo tissue as a surrogate for studying subcutaneous bleb mechanics.
  • To investigate the influence of fluid properties and perfusion on bleb formation.

Main Methods:

  • Subcutaneous injections were performed into ex vivo pork belly tissue.
  • Depth cameras and pressure sensors measured bleb dimensions and tissue pressure.
  • Data were compared with existing in vivo findings.

Main Results:

  • Bleb height and area increased with injection volume, independent of viscosity and flow rate.
  • Tissue pressure initially rose then plateaued, decoupling from bleb growth.
  • Ex vivo results closely matched in vivo data.

Conclusions:

  • Ex vivo tissue effectively mimics in vivo bleb formation and pressure dynamics.
  • Systemic factors in vivo appear negligible for typical injection durations.
  • Current poroelastic models may need revision to account for observed pressure-volume decoupling.