Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

Correlation and CausationStatistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. A relationship between variables shows correlation, but it does not show cause-and-effect. A direct cause-and-effect relationship requires additional controlled experiments. If no consistent relationship exists between the variables, then there is no correlation.Correlation versus CausationIf the dependent variable increases or decreases when the...
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Epistasis Analysis01:09

Epistasis Analysis

Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
Errors In Hypothesis Tests01:14

Errors In Hypothesis Tests

When performing a hypothesis test, there are four possible outcomes depending on the actual truth (or falseness) of the null hypothesis and the decision to reject or not.
Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Co-Registered Eye-Movements and Brain Potentials Reveal Multiple Effects of Context Across the Visual Field in Natural Reading.

Psychophysiology·2025
Same author

Biological invasions: a global assessment of geographic distributions, long-term trends, and data gaps.

Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·2025
Same author

Nature imagery's influence on ERN amplitude: an examination of Attention Restoration Theory using EEG.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2025
Same author

Nature images are more visually engaging than urban images: evidence from neural oscillations in the brain.

Frontiers in human neuroscience·2025
Same author

SPIDER 2.0: Driver Distraction and Visual Attention.

Annual review of vision science·2025
Same author

The influence of a walk in nature on human resting brain activity: a randomized controlled trial.

Scientific reports·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

12.5K

Single-Trial Relationships Between the Error-Related Negativity, Pe, Error-Related Pupillary Dilation Response, and

Sara LoTemplio1, Jack Silcox2, David L Strayer2

  • 1Rubenstein School of Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.

Psychophysiology
|January 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Physiological markers like the pupillary dilation response (PDR) and positivity following an error (Pe) predict post-error behavior adjustments. These findings suggest PDR and Pe are promising indicators for understanding error processing and cognitive control.

Keywords:
ERNPDRPESPepost‐error adjustment

More Related Videos

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners
09:52

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

Published on: May 31, 2018

8.1K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
08:26

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Published on: January 11, 2016

12.5K
How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners
09:52

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

Published on: May 31, 2018

8.1K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychophysiology
  • Human Behavior

Background:

  • The error-related negativity (ERN) is linked to attention and cognitive control, but its relationship with behavioral accuracy and reaction time is inconsistent.
  • Understanding error processing and subsequent behavioral adjustments requires exploring additional physiological measures.
  • The phasic pupillary dilation response (PDR) and the positivity following an error (Pe) are other physiological markers of error processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between the PDR, Pe, and post-error behavior (accuracy and slowing).
  • To examine the interrelationships among the ERN, PDR, and Pe as indices of error processing.
  • To explore how these physiological markers predict behavioral adjustments at both single-trial and subject levels.

Main Methods:

  • Simultaneous recording of electroencephalography (EEG) and pupillometry.
  • Participants completed an Ericksen Flanker task.
  • Analysis of error-related negativity (ERN), phasic pupillary dilation response (PDR), and positivity following an error (Pe) in relation to post-error behavior.

Main Results:

  • At the single-trial level, ERN, PDR, and Pe amplitudes predicted post-error accuracy.
  • At the subject level, only PDR predicted average post-error accuracy, while only ERN predicted post-error slowing.
  • Both ERN and Pe correlated with PDR amplitude, suggesting potential shared neural mechanisms, though ERN also predicted unique pupillary variance.

Conclusions:

  • The PDR and Pe show promise as indicators of post-error behavioral adjustment.
  • Investigating error-processing indices at multiple levels of analysis (single-trial and subject) is crucial.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between different physiological markers of error processing and their predictive power for cognitive control.