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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
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Distinct Rumen Microbial Features and Host Metabolic Responses in Three Cervid Species.

Yuhang Zhu1, Yunfei Chai1, Sibo Chen2

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.

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Summary

Rumen microbial communities differ significantly among Sika deer, Reindeer, and Milu deer, impacting nutrient metabolism and host adaptation. These Cervid species display unique fermentation patterns and host genetic links, revealing species-specific adaptations.

Keywords:
Cervidfermentation patternlipid metabolismrumen microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Rumen Microbiology
  • Animal Physiology
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • The rumen microbiome is crucial for nutrient metabolism and adaptation in ruminants.
  • Cervid species, including Sika deer, Reindeer, and Milu deer, possess distinct physiological characteristics.
  • Understanding species-specific rumen function is key to optimizing ruminant health and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare the rumen microbial community, fermentation parameters, and serum biochemistry across three Cervid species.
  • To identify species-specific differences in microbial composition, metabolic pathways, and host physiological responses.
  • To explore the relationship between rumen function, host genetics, and metabolic traits in Cervids.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for microbial community analysis.
  • Analysis of rumen volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations.
  • Serum biochemistry profiling and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA).

Main Results:

  • Dominant bacterial phyla (Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria) were consistent across species.
  • Sika and Milu deer showed higher microbial diversity and carbohydrate-digesting genera compared to Reindeer.
  • Reindeer exhibited increased butyrate metabolism and higher VFA concentrations, while Milu deer had elevated serum lipid levels linked to specific host gene pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct species-specific rumen fermentation patterns and metabolic adaptations exist within Cervid species.
  • The rumen microbiome plays a significant role in tailoring host physiology to diet and environment.
  • Coordinated regulation between the rumen microbiome and host genetics influences metabolic traits in Cervids.