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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

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Organic Compounds as a Natural Alternative for Pest Control: How Will Climate Change Affect Their Effectiveness?

Virginia L Usseglio1,2,3, María P Zunino1,2,3, Vanessa D Brito1,3

  • 1Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBiV-CONICET-UNC), Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611 (X5000OPB), Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5016GCN, Argentina.

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Summary

Natural compounds like carvacrol and eugenol show promise in controlling fungal growth and stored-product pests, even under rising temperatures. These climate-resilient alternatives offer sustainable pest management solutions.

Keywords:
Fusarium verticillioidesSitophilus zeamaisbiopesticidesglobal warming

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Mycology
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Climate change is predicted to increase global temperatures, potentially affecting fungal plant pathogens and pest control strategies.
  • Rising temperatures may alter the efficacy of existing methods for managing phytopathogenic fungi and stored-product pests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of four natural organic compounds on *Fusarium verticillioides* growth and *Sitophilus zeamais* survival under varying temperature conditions.
  • To assess the potential of carvacrol, eugenol, *trans*-cinnamaldehyde, and 1-heptyn-3-ol as climate-resilient pest management agents.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed fungal growth by measuring lag phase duration and mycelial expansion for *Fusarium verticillioides*.
  • Determined insecticidal activity by measuring the mortality rate of *Sitophilus zeamais*.
  • Tested compound efficacy under two temperature regimes: 28 °C and 32 °C.

Main Results:

  • Carvacrol (1 ppm) and eugenol demonstrated significant inhibition of fungal growth, with activity maintained or enhanced at higher temperatures.
  • 1-heptyn-3-ol caused complete mortality of *Sitophilus zeamais* across all tested concentrations and temperatures.
  • Carvacrol, eugenol, and *trans*-cinnamaldehyde exhibited dose-dependent insecticidal effects, with enhanced efficacy at 32 °C.

Conclusions:

  • Natural compounds, particularly carvacrol and eugenol, show significant potential for managing *Fusarium verticillioides* and *Sitophilus zeamais*.
  • These compounds offer sustainable and climate-resilient alternatives for integrated pest management strategies in agriculture.
  • Elevated temperatures associated with climate change may enhance the efficacy of these natural compounds against fungal pathogens and pests.