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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Double-stranded RNA Oral Delivery Methods to Induce RNA Interference in Phloem and Plant-sap-feeding Hemipteran Insects
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MicroRNA-Mediated Hormonal Control of Fruit Morphology.

Kanghua Du1, Da Zhang1, Weiwu Lv1

  • 1Institute of Tropical Eco-Agriculture Science, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chuxiong 651300, China.

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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key epigenetic regulators of fruit development in horticultural crops. This review synthesizes miRNA networks with hormones and transcription factors, highlighting their role in adaptation to climate change.

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cucumberfruit developmentmicroRNAtemperature stress

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Horticultural science

Background:

  • Fruit morphogenesis is a complex process influenced by genetics, hormones, and environment.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as crucial epigenetic regulators in plant development.
  • miRNA roles in horticultural crops are complex and unique compared to model plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review conserved miRNAs and their regulatory networks in fruit development across horticultural crops.
  • To synthesize the interplay of miRNAs, hormones, and transcription factors in fruit morphogenesis.
  • To explore miRNA roles in plant adaptation to environmental stress, particularly temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review integrating recent research on miRNAs in horticultural crops.
  • Synthesis of regulatory networks involving miRNAs, phytohormones, and transcription factors.
  • Analysis of miRNA-mediated responses to temperature stress and developmental plasticity.

Main Results:

  • Conserved miRNAs play significant roles in fruit development and morphogenesis across various horticultural species.
  • miRNA networks interact with hormone signaling and transcription factors to control fruit traits.
  • Plant miRNAs exhibit a dual role under temperature stress, mediating adaptation and plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA-mediated regulation is a complex but promising epigenetic mechanism for improving horticultural crops.
  • Understanding these networks is crucial for developing climate-resilient crops.
  • Future research should focus on harnessing miRNA pathways for crop enhancement in a changing climate.