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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
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Beetroot Juice and Exercise for Clinical Health and Athletic Performance: A Narrative Review.

Eunjoo Lee1,2, Hun-Young Park1,2, Yerin Sun2

  • 1Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.

Nutrients
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Beetroot juice (BRJ) enhances nitrate-nitrite-NO bioavailability, impacting cardiovascular health and exercise performance. While metabolic effects are modest, BRJ shows promise for endurance athletes, though individual responses vary.

Keywords:
beetroot juicecognitive performancedietary nitrateexercise performancemetabolic healthneuromuscular functionnitric oxidevascular function

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Nutrition Science
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Beetroot juice (BRJ) is rich in nitrate, betalains, and polyphenols.
  • It enhances nitrate-nitrite-NO bioavailability, antioxidant activity, and influences microbiota.
  • BRJ's physiological effects depend on dose, timing, and oral/gut bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological effects of beetroot juice.
  • To explore its impact on metabolic regulation, cardiovascular function, neuromuscular performance, and cognitive function.
  • To identify optimal strategies for BRJ supplementation in various contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of existing literature on beetroot juice.
  • Analysis of studies investigating acute and chronic BRJ ingestion.
  • Examination of physiological, metabolic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and cognitive outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Acute BRJ intake increases nitrate and nitrite levels.
  • Chronic intake may improve redox balance and alter microbial composition, with variable metabolic outcomes.
  • Cardiovascular benefits include reduced blood pressure and improved endothelial function.
  • Performance effects are most consistent in endurance exercise, improving economy and time-to-exhaustion.
  • Neuromuscular and cognitive benefits are less uniform, with potential for recovery and executive function under fatigue.

Conclusions:

  • NO-mediated pathways underpin BRJ's physiological effects.
  • BRJ shows consistent benefits for endurance exercise performance.
  • Inter-individual variability necessitates personalized dosing strategies and further research.