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The Relationship Between Children's Diet and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease.

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Children's diets significantly impact cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors like blood pressure and HDL cholesterol. However, varied research methods limit conclusive findings on diet and children's CVD risk.

Keywords:
chronic diseasesdiet interventionsdisease preventionpediatric nutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nutrition Science
  • Cardiovascular Health in Children
  • Public Health Nutrition

Background:

  • Increasing prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in U.S. children.
  • Growing need to understand the link between diet and pediatric CVD risk.
  • Current knowledge gaps hinder effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review current research on the relationship between children's diets and CVD risk factors.
  • To synthesize findings for children aged 2-18 years.
  • To identify trends and inconsistencies in the literature.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review using Covidence (PROSPERO CRD42024604406).
  • Searched PubMed Central, Web of Science, and Embase (2014-2024).
  • Included studies measuring total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and blood pressure; assessed risk of bias.

Main Results:

  • Eighty-five studies met inclusion criteria, results stratified by age.
  • Significant relationships observed between diet and blood pressure/HDL in many studies.
  • Heterogeneity in dietary factors, assessment methods, and outcome variables led to varied results.

Conclusions:

  • Substantial research exists, but high heterogeneity complicates conclusive findings.
  • Inconsistent methodologies across studies limit definitive recommendations.
  • Development of standardized research protocols is recommended for future studies.