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A Comprehensive Review on Hydrogen Production from Biomass Gasification
Mattia Bartoli1,2, Candido Fabrizio Pirri1,3, Sergio Bocchini1,2,3
1Center for Sustainable Future Technologies-CSFT@POLITO, Via Livorno 60, 10144 Torino, Italy.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
Summary
Biomass gasification is a key technology for producing sustainable hydrogen, supporting carbon-neutral energy and waste valorization. This review details advancements in feedstock, reactor design, and catalysts for efficient hydrogen generation.
Area of Science:
- Energy Science
- Chemical Engineering
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Biomass gasification is a mature technology for hydrogen production, crucial for renewable energy systems.
- It aligns with goals for carbon neutrality, waste valorization, and circular economies.
- Biomass-derived hydrogen is vital for green hydrogen economies and negative-emission bioenergy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To comprehensively review scientific and technological progress in biomass gasification for hydrogen production.
- To analyze the impact of feedstock, reactivity, reactor design, and catalysts.
- To quantitatively compare the operational costs of biomass gasification with other hydrogen production methods.
Main Methods:
- Review of current scientific and technological achievements in biomass gasification.
- Analysis of factors influencing hydrogen yield and efficiency, including feedstock properties and catalyst systems.
- Quantitative cost analysis comparing biomass gasification with green hydrogen and methane reforming.
Main Results:
- Biomass gasification is a consolidated route for industrial-scale hydrogen production.
- Feedstock characteristics, reactor design, and catalyst selection significantly affect hydrogen yield.
- Cost analysis provides insights into the economic viability of biomass gasification relative to alternatives.
Conclusions:
- Biomass gasification is a critical and established pathway for sustainable hydrogen production.
- Technological advancements continue to enhance efficiency and economic feasibility.
- This field is pivotal for advancing the hydrogen economy and promoting a sustainable society.
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