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Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol
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Fat Content Quantification with US Attenuation Coefficient: Phantom Correlation with MRI Proton Density Fat Fraction.

Rongying Chen1, Genglin Zhang2, Jie Zeng1

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Summary

This study shows ultrasound attenuation coefficient (AC) measurements are consistent across devices for assessing fat concentration. A conversion formula was developed linking ultrasound AC to MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF).

Keywords:
MRI-PDFFattenuation coefficientfatty liverultrasound

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Ultrasound Technology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Accurate quantification of tissue fat concentration is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a reliable measure of fat fraction (MRI-PDFF), but its accessibility can be limited.
  • Ultrasound (US) offers a more portable and cost-effective imaging modality, with its attenuation coefficient (AC) showing potential for fat quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the consistency and reproducibility of attenuation coefficient (AC) measurements using different commercial ultrasound (US) devices.
  • To investigate the relationship between US-derived AC values and MRI-derived proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF).
  • To derive a conversion equation for estimating fat concentration from US AC measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve phantoms with varying fat proportions (0-100%) were created.
  • Attenuation coefficients (AC) were measured using three commercial ultrasound systems: attenuation imaging (ATI), ultrasound attenuation analysis (USAT), and US-guided attenuation parameter (UGAP).
  • MRI-PDFF measurements were obtained for comparison, and linear correlation analysis was performed to establish relationships and derive a conversion formula.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound AC measurements demonstrated high consistency and reproducibility, with inter- and intra-operator intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.989 to 0.995.
  • Significant linear relationships were found between ultrasound attenuation parameters and phantom fat concentration (r = 0.938-0.986) and between ultrasound attenuation parameters and MRI-PDFF values (r = 0.922-0.982).
  • A conversion formula was derived: US (dB/cm/MHz) = 0.501 + 0.012 MRI-PDFF (%) for fat proportions ≤ 50%.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial ultrasound devices show significant diagnostic value for quantifying fat concentrations with good consistency.
  • The established linear relationship between ultrasound AC and MRI-PDFF supports the development of a practical conversion formula.
  • This research paves the way for wider clinical application of ultrasound in non-invasive fat quantification.