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Related Concept Videos

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving01:27

Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving

2.1K
San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge is exposed to temperatures ranging from -15 °C to 40 °C. At its coldest, the main span of the bridge is 1275 m long. Assuming that the bridge is made entirely of steel, what is the change in its length between these temperatures?
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55...
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Thermal Stress01:09

Thermal Stress

3.2K
If the temperature of an object is changed while it is prevented from expanding or contracting, the object is subjected to stress. The stress is compressive if the object expands in the absence of constraint and tensile if it contracts. This stress resulting from temperature change is known as thermal stress. It can be quite large and can cause damage. To avoid this stress, engineers may design components so they can expand and contract freely. For instance, on highways, gaps are deliberately...
3.2K
Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview01:16

Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

2.4K
Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i, j ], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred...
2.4K
Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

2.8K
Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
2.8K
Mechanism of heat transfer01:19

Mechanism of heat transfer

1.8K
Understanding heat transfer mechanisms is essential for understanding how our bodies maintain balance in different environmental conditions. When the environment is thermoneutral, the body is in a state of balance, neither using nor releasing energy to maintain its core temperature. However, when the environment is not thermoneutral, the body employs four heat transfer mechanisms to maintain homeostasis: conduction, convection, evaporation, and radiation. These mechanisms facilitate heat...
1.8K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

4.2K
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Artificial Thermal Ageing of Polyester Reinforced and Polyvinyl Chloride Coated Technical Fabric
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Research Progress in Thermal Functional Fibers.

Hui Zheng1,2,3, Xiao Yang1,3,4, Chunyang Wang1,3

  • 1Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights advancements in thermal functional fibers, crucial for applications from electronics cooling to solar energy. These fibers offer optimized heat transfer, storage, and conversion through tailored material design and fabrication.

Keywords:
fibersphotothermal conversionthermal actuation fiber materialsthermal regulationthermoelectric

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Textile Engineering
  • Energy Science

Background:

  • Heat management is critical for societal advancement and modern technologies.
  • Emerging applications demand sophisticated thermal functional materials.
  • Thermal functional fibers provide lightweight, customizable solutions for heat control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments in thermal functional fibers.
  • To explore diverse fiber types and their thermal properties.
  • To discuss future trends and challenges in fiber design.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of thermal functional fibers.
  • Analysis of material composition, structure, and fabrication techniques.
  • Categorization of fibers based on thermal functions (conductivity, insulation, etc.).

Main Results:

  • Overview of high thermal conductivity, insulation, and radiation regulation fibers.
  • Discussion of phase-change, thermoelectric, Joule heating, and photothermal fibers.
  • Exploration of thermally actuated and multifunctional composite fibers.

Conclusions:

  • Thermal functional fibers offer significant potential for diverse applications.
  • Innovative material selection and fabrication are key to enhancing thermal performance.
  • Future research should address current challenges and explore new directions in fiber design.