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Controlling the Functional Properties of K_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃ Ceramics Using E-Poling.

Jan Suchanicz¹, Marcin Wąs², Bartosz Handke³

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering and Agrophysics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 120, 31-120 Krakow, Poland.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 10, 2026

Summary

Lead-free potassium bismuth titanate (KBT) ceramics exhibit two phase transitions. Electric field poling enhances the ferroelectric phase stability and widens its temperature range, making KBT suitable for electronic applications.

Keywords:

E-poling KBT ceramics lead-free

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Physics
Ceramics Engineering

Background:

Lead-free K$_{0.5}$Bi$_{0.5}$TiO$_{3}$ (KBT) ceramics are explored as alternatives to lead-based materials.
Understanding phase transitions is crucial for optimizing ferroelectric properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the phase transitions in lead-free KBT ceramics.
To examine the influence of electric field (E-field) poling on KBT's structural and ferroelectric properties.
To correlate micro-heterogeneity with macro-properties for electronic applications.

Main Methods:

Solid-state reaction method for KBT ceramic preparation.
Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis.
Raman spectroscopy, dielectric, and mechanical property measurements.
Electric field (E-field) poling treatment.

Main Results:

Identified two temperature-driven phase transitions: tetragonal-tetragonal (~200 °C) and tetragonal-cubic (~400 °C).
E-field poling increased local order and induced a cubic-to-tetragonal phase transformation.
Poling stabilized and widened the ferroelectric phase temperature range.
Phase transformations were linked to mechanical softening, similar to improper ferroelasticity.

Conclusions:

KBT ceramics possess favorable structural, dielectric, and mechanical properties for electronic applications.
E-poling is an effective method to tune KBT properties, enhancing ferroelectric phase stability.
The study clarifies multi-scale structural behavior in KBT, bridging micro-heterogeneity and macro-properties.