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Related Concept Videos

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate01:12

Bonding and Strength of Aggregate

458
The bond between aggregate particles and the cement matrix is significantly influenced by the shape and surface texture of the aggregates. High-strength concretes benefit from a rougher texture, which leads to stronger bonding due to greater adhesion. Angular aggregates with larger surface areas also enhance this bond. The bonding quality, however, is complex to assess as no universally accepted test exists. Good bonding is indicated when a crushed concrete specimen shows some aggregate...
458
Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate01:20

Porosity and Absorption of Aggregate

732
Aggregates contain pores of varying sizes; while some are completely enclosed within the particles, others open onto the surface, allowing water to penetrate. The porosity of aggregates is a major factor contributing to the overall porosity of concrete, given that aggregates constitute about three-quarters of concrete's volume.
When all pores in an aggregate are filled with water, the aggregate is considered saturated and surface-dry. If left in dry air, water will evaporate until the...
732
Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate01:22

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

574
Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in...
574
Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change

353
Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
353
Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

530
Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
Another type of impurity is clay and fine material that...
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Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete01:26

Alkali Aggregate Reaction in Concrete

461
The alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete involves natural siliceous minerals in aggregates reacting with alkaline hydroxides derived from cement alkalis. This reaction forms an alkali-silica gel that absorbs water, swells, and increases in volume, which is confined by the surrounding cement paste, creating internal pressures that crack and disrupt the concrete. The extent of expansion and damage can be partly attributed to the alkali-silica reaction's osmotic hydraulic pressure and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Advanced Self-Healing Asphalt Reinforced by Graphene Structures: An Atomistic Insight
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Research Progress on Asphalt-Aggregate Adhesion Suffered from a Salt-Enriched Environment.

Yue Liu1, Wei Deng1, Linwei Peng1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Salt erosion significantly degrades asphalt pavement by weakening the asphalt-aggregate bond in saline environments. Further research is needed to develop durable, salt-resistant pavement solutions.

Keywords:
asphalt pavementasphalt–aggregate adhesionevaluation methodimprovement measuresalt-rich environment

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Area of Science:

  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Salt permeation erosion is a primary cause of asphalt pavement deterioration in salt-rich regions.
  • The combined action of moisture and salt accelerates the degradation of the asphalt-aggregate interface, leading to pavement distress.
  • This degradation limits pavement durability and service life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review research on asphalt-aggregate adhesion degradation in saline environments.
  • To discuss the mechanisms behind adhesion failure, considering intrinsic and environmental factors.
  • To explore evaluation methods and technical approaches for improving pavement resistance to salt erosion.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of intrinsic factors (aggregate properties, asphalt components) and environmental factors (moisture, salt, temperature).
  • Summary of multi-scale evaluation techniques, including macroscopic tests and molecular dynamics simulations.
  • Analysis of damage evolution patterns under coupled environmental and mechanical forces.

Main Results:

  • Adhesion degradation is driven by complex interactions between asphalt, aggregates, moisture, salt, and temperature.
  • Multi-scale evaluation methods reveal damage patterns under combined stressors.
  • Asphalt and aggregate modification show potential for enhancing salt resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Current research on asphalt adhesion under complex saline conditions is insufficient.
  • Further investigation into multi-environment interactions, salt erosion simulation, novel materials, and intelligent monitoring is crucial.
  • This study provides a foundation for developing weather-resistant asphalt pavements in salt-rich areas.