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Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A New Challenge in the Treatment and Management
Graziano Riccioni1, Chiara Notarangelo2, Mario Riccioni3
1Cardiology Care Unit, "San Camillo de Lellis" Hospital, 71043 Foggia, Italy.
Insights
Novel glucose-lowering agents, including DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors, effectively reduce cardiovascular risks in diabetic patients. These drugs offer significant cardiovascular safety and mortality benefits.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Cardiology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a primary cause of death in diabetic individuals.
- Effective glycemic control is crucial for mitigating CVD risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical efficacy of novel glucose-lowering agents.
- To optimize treatment strategies for diabetes, particularly in early stages.
- To highlight cardiovascular benefits of new antidiabetic drugs.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical evidence on DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors.
- Analysis of cardiovascular safety and efficacy data.
- Comparison with traditional antidiabetic drugs.
Main Results:
- DPP4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and SGLT-2 inhibitors demonstrate significant efficacy in glycemic control.
- These novel agents show excellent cardiovascular safety profiles.
- Evidence supports their potential in reducing major cardiovascular events and mortality.
Conclusions:
- Novel glucose-lowering agents are effective alternatives to traditional therapies.
- These drugs offer substantial cardiovascular protection for diabetic patients.
- Early implementation of these agents can optimize diabetes management and reduce long-term complications.
Abstract:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. However, a correct and effective glycaemic control obtained by pharmacologic interventions, such as the use the novel glucose-lowering agents, demonstrated efficacy in reducing the risk of both cardiovascular events and mortality. The latest classes of glucose-lowering drugs introduced in the clinical practice are DPP4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, and alogliptin), GLP-1 receptor agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, and lixenatide), and SGLT-2 inhibitors (empaglifozin, canaglifozin, and dapaglifozin). Multiple lines of evidence show that all these new drugs associated with the treatment of diabetic disease have the same effectiveness as the traditional antidiabetic drugs, and excellent cardiovascular safety, highlighting their potential in significantly reducing major cardiovascular events and mortality. The aim of our review is to summarise the clinical efficacy of these recently introduced drugs to optimise treatment strategies, especially in the early phase of diabetic disease.
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