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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments

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Published on: February 27, 2013

A Review of Solid-State LiDAR Principles and Metasurface-Based LiDAR Sensors.

Elif Demirbas¹, Braden Boucher¹, Matthew Baker¹

¹Department of Physics, Photonics and Optical Engineering, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA 02324, USA.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 10, 2026

Summary

Metasurfaces offer advanced beam-steering for Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) in autonomous vehicles. These solid-state solutions provide compact, robust, and adaptable alternatives to traditional mechanical systems, enhancing performance and reliability.

Keywords:

LiDAR beam steering deflection angle field of view metasurface-based LiDAR metasurfaces phase shift tunable metasurfaces

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Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

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Published on: February 27, 2013

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Published on: September 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Autonomous Systems Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Traditional mechanical Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) systems face limitations in speed, reliability, and form factor.
Solid-state LiDAR, utilizing microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and optical phased arrays (OPAs), presents a more robust and compact alternative.
Metasurfaces, particularly two-dimensional optical metasurfaces, are emerging as key components for advanced beam-steering in LiDAR.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the principles of metasurface beam-steering mechanisms for LiDAR applications.
To discuss how metasurfaces enable phase shifting and angle deflection of light.
To compare the field of view (FOV) advantages of metasurface-based LiDAR.

Main Methods:

Discussion of static metasurfaces for fixed beam directions.
Analysis of dynamic (tunable) metasurfaces for adaptable beam scanning.
Comparative review of metasurface LiDAR performance against traditional mechanical systems.

Main Results:

Metasurfaces provide flat optics, robust performance, and non-moving parts for LiDAR.
Dynamic metasurfaces are essential for real-time beam scanning in LiDAR systems.
Metasurface-based LiDAR offers faster scanning rates, increased reliability, and larger fields of view.

Conclusions:

Metasurface-based LiDAR is a promising technology for autonomous vehicles due to its inherent advantages.
Tunable metasurfaces are critical for achieving efficient and adaptable beam scanning.
The adoption of metasurfaces in LiDAR signifies a significant advancement over conventional scanning mechanisms.