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Cost-Effective and High-Throughput WSPRi Sensing System Based on Multi-Monochromatic LEDs and Adaptive Second-Order

Chenglong Guo1,2, Jiacong Xiao3, Jianchun Zeng3

  • 1School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
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Summary

This study introduces a rapid Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) system using LEDs and an adaptive algorithm for faster, lower-cost biochemical analysis. The platform enables real-time monitoring and shows promise for early osteoarthritis diagnosis.

Keywords:
bioimagingbiophotoncisbiosensingplasmonicssurface plasmon resonance

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) is a label-free technique for high-throughput biochemical analysis.
  • Conventional wavelength-modulation SPRi systems face challenges with cost, complexity, and temporal resolution due to tunable filters.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, cost-effective, and robust wavelength-modulation SPRi system.
  • To improve temporal resolution and simplify system design for biochemical analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A novel SPRi system utilizing a multi-LED light source (730-805 nm) and an adaptive second-order fitting (ASF) algorithm.
  • The ASF algorithm employs a coarse scan followed by dynamic selection of an optimal three-LED subset for rapid resonance wavelength reconstruction without mechanical scanning.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a scanning cycle of 105 ms, refractive index (RI) resolution of 5.54 × 10-6 RIU, and a dynamic range of 0.0241 RIU.
  • Demonstrated excellent multi-channel consistency and successful real-time monitoring of antibody-antigen interactions.
  • Successfully detected cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in synovial fluid, distinguishing osteoarthritis samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed SPRi system offers a practical and reliable platform for high-throughput biochemical analysis.
  • The system's speed, cost-effectiveness, and accuracy support its application in early disease diagnosis, such as osteoarthritis.