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Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores

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Published on: August 19, 2013

Novel Method for Characterizing Humic Substances Using Fluorescent Solvatochromism.

Kazuto Sazawa¹, Hanae Koyama¹, Yusuke Yamazaki¹

¹Department of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 10, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Methylene blue (MB) dye shows spectral shifts indicating humic substance (HS) polarity. This rapid fluorescent solvatochromism method offers a new way to analyze HS characteristics.

Keywords:

fluorescent probes humic substances polarity solvatochromism

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Published on: March 18, 2022

Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Organic Chemistry

Background:

Humic substances (HSs) are vital natural organic acids influencing pollutant mobility and toxicity.
Characterizing HS polarity is crucial for environmental risk assessment.
Solute-solvent interactions are often studied using charge-transfer fluorochromes sensitive to polarity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a rapid method for characterizing humic substance (HS) polarity.
To evaluate the utility of fluorescent solvatochromism for HS analysis.
To assess the environmental variability of HS properties.

Main Methods:

Tested four fluorescent dyes (ANS, AO, MB, RhB) for solvatochromic shifts in the presence of humic acids (HAs).
Analyzed twelve diverse HS samples, including soil, compost, and reference materials.
Focused on dyes with spectral shifts distinct from intrinsic HA fluorescence, particularly methylene blue (MB).

Main Results:

Acridine orange (AO) and methylene blue (MB) showed distinct spectral shifts.
MB exhibited a concentration-dependent blue shift, most stable at 5 mg/L HA.
MB spectral shifts correlated significantly with UV-Vis parameters reflecting HS aromaticity, humification, and polarity.

Conclusions:

Methylene blue (MB)-based fluorescent solvatochromism is a facile indicator for HS structural and microenvironmental assessment.
This method provides a rapid, complementary screening approach for environmental HS samples.
The technique offers empirical insights into HS characteristics relevant to environmental behavior.