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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Updated: May 5, 2026

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Task-Dependent Cortical Oscillatory Dynamics in Functional Constipation.

Jianhua Li1,2, Hui Yang3,4, Mingwei Xu5

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional constipation (FC) patients show distinct brain activity patterns compared to healthy individuals. These neurophysiological differences in brain-gut axis function may lead to new EEG biomarkers for FC.

Keywords:
brain–gut axiscortical oscillationselectroencephalography (EEG)functional constipation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Functional constipation (FC) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder.
  • The brain-gut axis is implicated in FC pathophysiology, but direct neurophysiological evidence is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurophysiological differences between FC patients and healthy controls using high-density electroencephalography (EEG).
  • To identify task-dependent cortical activity patterns associated with FC.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded high-density EEG data from 21 FC patients and 37 healthy controls.
  • Analyzed brain activity during resting, cognitive, and defecation-related tasks.
  • Examined regional and global network properties across different frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma).

Main Results:

  • FC patients exhibited a unique, task-dependent EEG signature compared to controls.
  • Specific alterations included increased alpha activity (resting, defecation tasks), reduced temporal gamma (defecation tasks), and elevated temporal theta (cognitive task).
  • Global network analysis revealed altered efficiency in delta and beta bands during resting and defecation tasks.

Conclusions:

  • These findings provide direct neurophysiological evidence linking cortical rhythm alterations to FC.
  • The study implicates brain-gut axis dysfunction in FC symptom generation.
  • Results suggest potential for EEG-based biomarkers and neuromodulatory therapies for functional constipation.