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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

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Setup of Consumer Wearable Devices for Exposure and Health Monitoring in Population Studies
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VitalCSI: Contactless Respiratory Rate Estimation Using Consumer-Grade Wi-Fi Channel State Information.

Tom Michaelis1, João Jorge1, Nivedita Bijlani2

  • 1Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

VitalCSI utilizes Wi-Fi signals to continuously monitor respiratory rate (RR) contactlessly. This system accurately tracks a wide range of breathing patterns, offering a low-cost solution for health and sports monitoring.

Keywords:
Wi-Fichannel state information (CSI)continuous monitoringrespiratory rate (RR) monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wireless Sensing Technologies
  • Physiological Monitoring

Background:

  • Continuous respiratory rate (RR) monitoring aids in early detection of critical health events like infections and sleep apnea.
  • Existing Wi-Fi based systems for RR monitoring have limitations in terms of respiratory range and validation scale.
  • Contactless monitoring offers advantages over traditional methods, but requires robust and validated technology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate VitalCSI, a novel system for continuous, contactless respiratory rate monitoring using off-the-shelf Wi-Fi hardware.
  • To assess the feasibility of using channel state information (CSI) from Wi-Fi signals for accurate RR estimation.
  • To establish a system capable of monitoring a broad range of respiratory rates in healthy individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a consumer-grade Wi-Fi access point and Raspberry Pi to capture Wi-Fi channel state information (CSI).
  • Developed RR estimation algorithms including principal component analysis (PCA), spectral peak detection, and breath counting.
  • Fused multiple estimation methods using a multidimensional Kalman filter for enhanced accuracy.
  • Benchmarked system performance against nasal airflow sensors in 15 healthy university athletes.

Main Results:

  • VitalCSI demonstrated strong agreement with airflow references (r²=0.93, MAE = 1.20 brpm).
  • The system successfully tracked respiratory rates across a wide range (6-33 breaths per minute).
  • Performance surpassed previous Wi-Fi-based respiratory rate monitoring studies.

Conclusions:

  • VitalCSI is the first validated system for continuous, contactless RR monitoring using consumer Wi-Fi over an extended respiratory range.
  • The system's feasibility is shown using a single-antenna, single-board microcomputer.
  • This technology holds potential for widespread application in home-based and sports monitoring contexts.