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Comparative Analysis of Selective Mining and XRT Sensor-Based Sorting for Copper Ore Pre-Concentration: Preliminary

Jakub Progorowicz1,2,3, Jakub Kurty1, Michal Marcin1

  • 1Institute of Earth Resources, Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Letná 1/9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia.

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Sensor-based pre-concentration using X-ray technology (XRT) offers a sustainable alternative for low-grade copper ores. This method achieved a 1.82x grade upgrade, outperforming selective mining for efficient mineral beneficiation.

Keywords:
X-ray transmissionXRTpre-concentrationpreconcentrationselective miningsensor-based sorting

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Area of Science:

  • Mining Engineering
  • Mineral Processing
  • Sustainable Mining

Background:

  • Declining ore grades necessitate innovative beneficiation techniques for low-grade copper ores.
  • Green mining initiatives require environmentally sound and economically viable processing methods.
  • Selective mining faces challenges with complex ore bodies and increasing operational costs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate sensor-based pre-concentration using X-ray technology (XRT) as an alternative to selective mining.
  • To assess the efficiency of XRT for upgrading low-grade European copper ores.
  • To address the need for sustainable mineral beneficiation in the context of declining ore grades.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dual-energy X-ray transmission (XRT) sensors on a laboratory sorter (Comex LSX-MAX).
  • Employed density-based classification to separate ore into High-Density (product) and Low-Density (waste) fractions.
  • Tested mixed ore samples (8-32 mm) from Złote Hory mine (Czech Republic).

Main Results:

  • Achieved a 1.82x copper (Cu) grade upgrade from feed (0.5% Cu) to pre-concentrate (0.91% Cu).
  • Obtained a 95.67% Cu recovery with a 52.08% mass yield, producing waste with only 0.04% Cu.
  • Demonstrated superior performance compared to selective mining, which yielded 0.64% Cu at 66.21% yield.

Conclusions:

  • Sensor-based pre-concentration with XRT technology is a viable and effective alternative for low-grade copper ore beneficiation.
  • The method offers significant grade upgrade and high recovery, surpassing traditional selective mining.
  • Further research should focus on downstream processing, industrial scalability, and economic/environmental impact assessments.