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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Author Spotlight: Development of a Smartphone-Enhanced Paper-Based Device for Rapid Dengue NS1 Detection
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A 3D Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device with Smartphone-Based Colorimetric Readout for Phosphate Sensing.

Jose Manuel Graña-Dosantos1, Francisco Pena-Pereira1, Carlos Bendicho1

  • 1Centro de Investigación Mariña, Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Universidade de Vigo, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device (3D-µPAD) enables smartphone-based phosphate detection in environmental samples. This affordable and eco-friendly method offers accurate phosphorus analysis for citizen science applications.

Keywords:
orthophosphatepaper-based microfluidic devicesphosphatesmartphone-based detectionwater and soil analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Phosphate determination is crucial for environmental monitoring.
  • Existing methods can be complex and costly.
  • Need for accessible and user-friendly analytical tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a 3D microfluidic paper-based analytical device (3D-µPAD) for phosphate determination.
  • Enable smartphone-based colorimetric analysis of environmental samples.
  • Optimize the device for accuracy, stability, and ease of use.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and optimization of 3D-µPAD geometry and chemical deposition.
  • Colorimetric assay development based on molybdenum blue formation.
  • Smartphone-based image processing for quantitative analysis.
  • Evaluation of device stability and performance across various environmental matrices.

Main Results:

  • Optimized 3D-µPAD achieved a working range of 4-25 mg P/L.
  • Low limits of detection (0.015 mg P/L) and quantification (0.05 mg P/L).
  • Successful application in water, soil, and sediment samples with high recovery rates (94-107%).

Conclusions:

  • The 3D-µPAD provides a reliable and sensitive method for phosphate analysis.
  • The device is stable, affordable, easy-to-use, and suitable for citizen science.
  • Offers a greener alternative to traditional phosphate determination methods.