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Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
Fracture Resistance of Commercial and Novel Ceramic-Reinforced Polymer Crowns with Luting Cements of Varying Elastic
Naluemol Sriprasert1,2, Nantawan Krajangta1, Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong3
1Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Patum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Abstract:
This in vitro study investigated the fracture resistance of three ceramic-reinforced polymer (CRP) crowns-Cerasmart® 270 (CE; milled), VarseoSmile Crown Plus® (VS; 3D-printed) and the newly developed Hassawat-01 (HS; 3D-printed)-luted with cements of different elastic moduli. The principal hypothesis was that neither the CRP type nor the modulus of cement would significantly affect fracture resistance. Ninety-nine mandibular first molar resin dies were restored with 1 mm thick CE, VS, or HS crowns (n = 33 each) and luted with Maxcem Elite®, RelyX Unicem®, or Ketac Cem® (n = 11 per subgroup). Occlusal cement morphology was evaluated using Micro-CT. Fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. Crowns luted with Maxcem or RelyX withstood forces >2000 N without visible failure. Ketac-luted crowns showed reduced fracture resistance. CE-Ketac fractured in 4 of 11 specimens. VS-Ketac exhibited cracks or complete fractures (1795.2 ± 156.7 N), whereas HS-Ketac showed only superficial cracking (1732.6 ± 127.3 N). CRP crowns luted with lower-modulus resin cements demonstrated superior fracture resistance compared with those luted with glass-ionomer. VS exhibited both cracking and occasional complete fractures, whereas HS exhibited only surface cracking. All materials withstood loads greater than typical masticatory forces, supporting HS as a promising alternative within the CRP.
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