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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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An Improved Mechanical Testing Method to Assess Bone-implant Anchorage
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Bioactive Surface Modifications on Bioresorbable Bone Screws: A Step Forward in Orthopedic Surgery.

Ainur G Matveyeva1, Olga P Boychenko1,2, Alexander P Moskalets1

  • 1Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia.

Polymers
|January 10, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed novel bioactive coatings for orthopedic screws, enhancing bone healing and biocompatibility. The polylactide-based coatings significantly accelerated bone regeneration and improved cell interactions in vivo.

Keywords:
bioactive coatingcollagenhydroxyapatiteimplantable screwspolylactidesilver nanowires

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Current orthopedic implants often use metals with poor biocompatibility due to mechanical property mismatch.
  • Biodegradable, non-toxic, and non-immunogenic materials offer superior clinical potential.
  • Developing advanced biomaterials is crucial for improving orthopedic implant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and evaluate polylactide screws coated with collagen, nanohydroxyapatite, and polylactide, with and without silver nanowires.
  • To assess the physico-chemical and biological properties of these novel coated screws.
  • To determine the efficacy of the bioactive coatings in enhancing bone regeneration and biocompatibility.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of polylactide screws with collagen, nanohydroxyapatite, and polylactide coatings, including a silver nanowire variant.
  • In vitro analysis of cell adhesion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity using human osteosarcoma cells (2T line).
  • In vivo evaluation of screw safety and efficacy in minipig metatarsal bone implantation models.

Main Results:

  • Coated screw surfaces supported human osteosarcoma cell growth.
  • Cytotoxicity assays confirmed the non-toxic nature of the coatings, promoting cell adhesion and proliferation.
  • In vivo studies demonstrated accelerated bone tissue regeneration, increased bone-to-granulation tissue ratio, reduced inflammation, and enhanced osteoblast/osteoclast activity compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • The developed bioactive coatings significantly enhance the biocompatibility of orthopedic implants.
  • These coatings promote faster bone regeneration and improve osteointegration.
  • The findings support the clinical potential of these advanced biomaterials for orthopedic applications.