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Modified Polycaprolactone Films for Temporary Protection in Saline Conditions: A Preliminary Assessment.

Am Pris John1, Sergio Santoro1, Efrem Curcio1

  • 1Department of Environmental Engineering (DIAm), University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 42B, 87036 Rende, Italy.

Polymers
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Modified polycaprolactone (PCL) films with graphene oxide (GO) show promise for protecting archaeological artifacts from salt damage. The PCL/GO 0.1% film offers enhanced barrier properties and stability against saline conditions.

Keywords:
archaeological conservationbiodegradable polymersgraphene oxide (GO)laboratory incubationpolycaprolactone (PCL)preliminary screeningprovisional protectionseawater degradationtemporary barriers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Archaeological Conservation
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Saline environments pose significant threats to archaeological artifacts through salt crystallization and moisture interactions.
  • Developing temporary, low-impact protective materials is crucial for preserving artifacts in coastal and saline contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the potential of polycaprolactone (PCL) films modified with graphene oxide (GO) as temporary barrier layers against saline ingress.
  • To evaluate the effect of varying GO concentrations (0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%) on PCL film performance under simulated saline stress.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of free-standing PCL/GO films using solvent casting.
  • Incubation of films in natural Ionian seawater at 15°C for up to 90 days.
  • Comprehensive analysis of film behavior including surface, structural, mechanical, and permeability properties.

Main Results:

  • Graphene oxide content significantly impacts film wettability, microstructure, and water transport.
  • PCL/GO 0.1% films demonstrated enhanced barrier performance and structural integrity with controlled hydrolytic softening.
  • Higher GO concentrations led to increased hydrophilicity, accelerated erosion, and mechanical degradation due to water uptake.

Conclusions:

  • The optimized PCL/GO 0.1% film exhibits superior stability and barrier properties, indicating potential for protecting saline-affected archaeological materials.
  • This material-level screening provides a foundation for future conservation applications, though direct validation is pending.