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Novel Acrylic Bone Cement Containing Graphene Oxide: Synthesis and Characterization.

Luiz Fabiano Gomes Gularte1, Guilherme Kurz Maron2, Camila Perelló Ferrúa1

  • 1Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96015-560, Brazil.

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Adding graphene oxide (GO) to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement enhances mechanical strength and provides antibacterial activity. A 0.25 wt% GO concentration offers the best balance for orthopedic applications.

Keywords:
anti-bacterial agentsbiocompatible materialsbone cementsgraphene oxidepolymethyl methacrylate

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a standard in orthopedic procedures like knee replacements.
  • Current PMMA bone cement formulations have seen limited innovation.
  • Graphene oxide (GO) shows potential for improving orthopedic cement properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of varying graphene oxide (GO) concentrations on the mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial efficacy of PMMA bone cement.
  • To determine the optimal GO concentration for enhanced orthopedic cement performance.

Main Methods:

  • PMMA bone cement was modified with GO at concentrations of 0.1%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% (wt%).
  • Mechanical properties were evaluated using four-point bending tests.
  • Cytocompatibility was assessed with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3).
  • Antibacterial activity against *Staphylococcus aureus* was tested using a modified direct contact assay.

Main Results:

  • GO incorporation significantly increased Young's modulus and improved tensile and flexural strength at 0.1% GO.
  • Cytocompatibility remained unaffected across tested concentrations.
  • Antibacterial activity was concentration-dependent, with 0.25% and 0.5% GO demonstrating significant inhibition up to 48 hours.

Conclusions:

  • PMMA bone cement modified with 0.25 wt% GO exhibits enhanced mechanical properties and effective antibacterial activity without compromising biocompatibility.
  • This optimized PMMA-GO composite shows promise for advanced orthopedic applications.