Maternal-Fetal Implications of Mpox Infection: Current Evidence.

Area of Science:

• * Virology and Epidemiology
• * Public Health and Infectious Diseases

Background:

• * Mpox is an emerging zoonotic viral infection caused by the Monkeypox virus, an Orthopoxvirus.
• * The 2022 multinational outbreak marked a shift from endemic transmission to sustained human-to-human spread, primarily via close contact.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To review current evidence on Mpox virology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention, and management.
• * To emphasize obstetric considerations and public health implications, particularly concerning pregnancy.

Main Methods:

• * Comprehensive literature review of Mpox research.
• * Synthesis of data on viral clades, clinical manifestations, diagnostic techniques (PCR, genomic sequencing), and therapeutic options (antivirals, vaccines).

Main Results:

• * Mpox presents with fever, lymphadenopathy, and mucocutaneous lesions, with severity varying by viral clade and host factors.
• * Clade IIb (2022 outbreak) generally caused milder disease than Clade I, but severe outcomes are possible in vulnerable populations.
• * Tecovirimat is a potential antiviral for severe cases/high-risk groups, with limited but favorable safety data in pregnancy.

Conclusions:

• * Mpox management is largely supportive, with antivirals and vaccination as key interventions.
• * Pregnancy presents unique challenges due to potential vertical transmission and adverse perinatal outcomes.
• * Targeted vaccination and careful consideration of antiviral safety are crucial for managing Mpox, especially in pregnant individuals.