Electrocardiographic changes in primary spontaneous pneumothorax: A retrospective observational study

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Pulmonology
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Electrocardiography (ECG) changes are frequently observed in patients with pneumothorax.
• The diagnostic utility of ECG for pneumothorax remains limited, particularly in minimally symptomatic cases.
• Understanding specific ECG alterations in primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is crucial for improving diagnostic support.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the specific electrocardiography (ECG) changes associated with primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP).
• To determine the frequency and characteristics of ECG findings in PSP patients.
• To assess the potential role of ECG in supporting the diagnosis of PSP.

Main Methods:

• A retrospective observational study was conducted.
• Included patients diagnosed with PSP between January 2018 and December 2023 who underwent ECG prior to chest tube insertion.
• Collected data included patient demographics, ECG findings, and pneumothorax volume.

Main Results:

• Eighteen PSP patients met the inclusion criteria.
• The most common ECG findings were incomplete right bundle branch block (RBBB) and S < 1.2mV in V2 (94%).
• Specific ECG patterns varied between left-sided and right-sided PSP, with incomplete RBBB and S < 1.2mV in V2 noted in larger pneumothoraces (>50%).

Conclusions:

• Common ECG changes in PSP include incomplete RBBB and specific ST-segment depressions.
• Although not statistically significant, these ECG findings can provide supportive evidence for diagnosing PSP in conjunction with clinical presentation.
• Further research may elucidate the precise role of ECG in PSP diagnosis and management.