80 years of the Wechsler Memory Scale: A selective review

The Wechsler Memory Scale is the most widely used test of memory in the United States and was introduced to the clinical community in 1945. The first official revision of the scale, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, was published in 1987. A second revision, the Wechsler Memory Scale-3 appeared in 1997, followed by the Wechsler Memory Scale-4 in 2009, and the Wechsler Memory Scale-5 in 2025. The evolution of the Wechsler Memory Scale will be briefly discussed, with an emphasis on the strengths and shortcomings of each instrument.