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Synthetic Biology

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
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Updated: Jan 13, 2026

Synthesis of Masarimycin, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Gram-Positive Bacterial Growth

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Synthetic Studies Towards Darobactin A.

Till Steiner¹, Antoine Versini¹, Marco Schellenberg¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|January 10, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored the total synthesis of darobactin A, an antibiotic effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Key steps included novel indole syntheses and macrocyclization strategies, yielding valuable insights into reaction mechanisms.

Keywords:

darobactin larock cyclization natural products polypeptide total synthesis

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Medicinal Chemistry
Chemical Biology

Background:

Darobactin A is a potent antibiotic selectively targeting Gram-negative bacteria.
The total synthesis of complex natural products like darobactin A presents significant chemical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and investigate synthetic routes toward the total synthesis of darobactin A.
To explore novel methodologies for constructing key structural motifs and macrocycles.

Main Methods:

The study employed a multi-step synthesis involving nucleophilic aromatic substitution, Bartoli indole synthesis, Negishi coupling, and C-H arylation.
Larock indole synthesis was utilized for macrocyclization, with investigations into its atroposelectivity.
A comparative approach evaluated macrolactamization for macrocycle construction.

Main Results:

Two distinct synthetic strategies were pursued, focusing on the preparation of advanced fragments and macrocycles.
The Larock indole synthesis proved effective for initial macrocyclization, while macrolactamization was found unsuitable.
The second strategy successfully employed intramolecular Larock indole syntheses for both macrocycles, providing insights into atroposelectivity.

Conclusions:

The study reports significant progress toward the total synthesis of darobactin A.
Novel synthetic approaches and insights into reaction mechanisms, particularly concerning Larock indole synthesis, were achieved.