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Geometric Preorganization Enables Entropy-Constrained Proton Migration for Ultrafast and Stable Aqueous Proton

He Liu1, Jun Yang1, Chao Yan1

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|January 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers engineered a novel triangular organic molecule (DBH) to improve aqueous proton batteries (APBs). This design enhances proton transport, leading to high capacity, ultrafast charging, and exceptional cycle stability for advanced energy storage.

Keywords:
Aqueous batteryC3‐symmetric moleculeEntropy‐regulated frameworkLow‐entropyProton storage

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous proton batteries (APBs) face challenges due to limited electrode materials for efficient proton migration.
  • Organic electrodes show promise but are often hampered by Coulombic repulsion and entropy-induced disorder, impacting performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a molecular-engineering strategy for constructing low-entropy proton transport pathways in organic electrodes for APBs.
  • To design and synthesize a C3-symmetric triangular molecule (DBH) to overcome performance limitations in organic electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular engineering using geometric preorganization to create a rigid, trigonal scaffold.
  • Designing a C3-symmetric triangular molecule (DBH) with preorganized redox centers (C═N and C═O).
  • Investigating proton migration pathways and electronic delocalization through geometric confinement.

Main Results:

  • The DBH electrode exhibited high proton-storage capacity (277.9 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹) and ultrafast kinetics (retaining 207.8 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 A g⁻¹).
  • A full cell using the DBH electrode achieved 100% capacity retention after 30,000 cycles.
  • The device demonstrated high energy density (111.97 Wh kg⁻¹) and power density (40,441.2 W kg⁻¹).

Conclusions:

  • Geometric preorganization and entropy regulation in triangular organic molecules enable high proton-storage capacity and rapid kinetics.
  • The DBH electrode offers exceptional long-term stability, paving the way for advanced organic electrode materials in APBs.