Ficus religiosa Bark Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles: Physicochemical Characterization and...

The present investigation aims to synthesis calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO NPs) by extract of Ficus religiosa bark using calcium nitrate as a precursor via eco-friendly and simple method. The synthesized CaO NPs were characterized with the help of UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The cytotoxicity of as synthesized CaO NPs was determined by MTT assay on L929 fibroblast cell lines. Wound scratch assay was performed to find the wound healing potential of as synthesized CaO NPs. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of as synthesized CaO NPs was studied using agar well diffusion method. The effective synthesis of CaO NPs was performed using the bark extract of F. religiosa as a capping and reducing agents. The formation of CaO NPs was proved by UV-Vis spectrophotometer analysis, where the spectrum displayed absorption peaks at 224 nm and 248 nm. XRD pattern, SEM image and EDX spectrum revealed the formation of crystalline nature, spherical shape with average particle size of 50 nm and high purity CaO NPs. TGA spectrum confirmed the occurrence of 30% weight loss in CaO NPs. Anti-bacterial assay showed a high inhibition against Bacillus subtilis. MTT assay revealed that 20 µg of CaO NPs had less cytotoxicity (9.83%) while 100 µg of CaO NPs had 24.9% of cytotoxicity. CaO NPs held potent wound healing properties in the L929 cell lines. The study concludes that the synthesized CaO NPs are less toxic and possess wound healing potency. The green synthesized CaO NPs have significant biomedical applications including inhibit the microbial infections and could be used to formulate a new wound healing drug.