Metabolomic signaling in sarcoidosis pathogenesis

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder characterized by noncaseating granulomas in various organs, predominantly affecting the lungs and lymphatic system. Although the etiology of sarcoidosis remains unknown, it is believed to result from an abnormal immune response triggered by environmental agents in a genetically susceptible host. The disease also has a variation in clinical outcome, with some patients spontaneously resolving their disease, while others experience disease progression. Pulmonary sarcoidosis, the most prevalent form, can progressively lead to pulmonary fibrosis, which may result in organ impairment and respiratory failure. Cellular metabolism has been implicated in numerous chronic lung diseases, making the characterization of metabolic profiles a promising approach for prognosis. A limited number of studies have examined the metabolomic profiles of sarcoidosis patients to identify key metabolites that contribute to disease progression. This review will focus on the current state of metabolomics in understanding sarcoidosis pathogenesis.