Next-generation sequencing as an applicable method: from technical basis to use in medical diagnosis

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is a high-throughput technology capable of determining the sequence of nucleotides in the genome. Over the past few years, the advent of NGS-based methods has provided timely and economical approaches for diagnosing and screening genetic conditions throughout an individual's lifespan, and prenatal period. Prenatal screening for congenital abnormalities has opened the door to reducing the incidence of genetic disorders. Early detection of genetic diseases using NGS-based methods enables better management of these conditions, thereby improving the quality of life for patients. NGS has also played a pivotal role in pharmacogenetics and drug delivery, facilitating a more personalized approach to medicine. NGS-based methods are increasingly being utilized in genome editing to provide essential information that enhances the precision and effectiveness of editing techniques. This review presents information on how various NGS-based methods function from a technical perspective. Furthermore, we will explore the applications and benefits of these methods in the fields of diagnosis, screening, pharmacogenetics, and genome editing.